This happened in York, Pennsylvania, a small city where people who lived only a few blocks apart lived in separate worlds — in what a local newspaper has called “a de facto segregated and discriminatory system supported by city government.” William Lee Smallwood, now a city councilman, said, “I remember as a teen-ager being routinely stopped by the cops when they’d see me with a white girl.” Black citizens of York had been marching on city hall since 1963, protesting police violence and official discrimination. Their demands for a bi-racial police review board were turned down by the all-white city council. The marchers were frequently clubbed or had German shepherds set on them by police.
York Race Riot

January 28, 2017 4:29 pm
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ÀGÙDÀ FAMILIES: RETURNED FREEDMEN FROM BRAZIL
Slavery
I visited the Nigerian city Lagos about one year ago and I was surprised – ó ya mi l’ẹ́nu – walking through the “Brazilian quarter”, a district known locally as Pópó Àgùdà.
On Barbados, the First Black Slave Society
Slavery
Barbados was the birthplace of British slave society and the most ruthlessly colonized by Britain’s ruling elites. They made their fortunes from sugar produced by an enslaved, “disposable” workf
9 Facts About Slavery
Slavery
A circulating list of nine historical “facts” about slavery accurately details the participation of non-whites in slave ownership and trade in America.
The African-American Migration Experience
General
The African-American Migration Experience presents a new interpretation of African-American history, one that focuses on the self-motivated activities of peoples of African descent to remake themselve
The African-American Mosaic Exhibition (Library of Congress)
General
A LOC resource guide for the study of Black History and Culture, the Mosaic explores colonization, abolition, migration, and the WPA. Included are maps, charts, primary sources, and background informa
Black Past
General
Welcome to BlackPast.org. This 13,000 page reference center is dedicated to providing information to the general public on African American history and on the history of the more than one billion peop
The Sweet Trials, Clarence Darrow and Race
Civil Rights
“I would like to see a time when man loves his fellow-man, and forgets his color or his creed. We will never be civilized until that time comes. I know the Negro race has a long road to go. I be
The Secret Religion of the Slaves
Religion
The religion of the slaves was both visible and invisible, formally organized and spontaneously adapted. Regular Sunday worship in the local church was paralleled by illicit, or at least informal, pra
Shadow Ball : Buck O'Neil Interview
Sports
Every town had a baseball team — my town, Carrabelle, Florida, had a little local team and my father played on the baseball team and he would take me around with him to the baseball fields, and I lo
The Best of Buck O'Neil
Sports
Celebrating the life and legacy of Kansas City’s most beloved baseball icon
Buck O'Neil
Sports
John Jordan “Buck” O’Neil (November 13, 1911 – October 6, 2006) was a first baseman and manager in the Negro American League, mostly with the Kansas City Monarchs. After his playin
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